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Avian pathogens are a group of agents that lead to various diseases in birds, it can cause devastating epizootics among birds and threaten the planet's bioresources. With migrations of wild birds, they might be spread to other regions. In addition, birds do present an ideal mobile vector, especially for the enterically transmitted viruses. Understanding the spread of bacterial and viral pathogens in birds may serve as a useful model for examining the spread of other disease organisms, both amongst birds, and from birds to other taxa. Some avian pathogens may cause severe diseases including histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, psittacosis, etc. The principal bacteria pathogens include Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Clamydia (Chlamydophila) psittaci. A number of avian type A viruses have been found to seriously affect poultry industry. Among them, H5N1 and H7N9 avian viruses have been of special concern. Other viruses, such as rotaviruses, coronaviruses and enteroviruses are also causing multiple diseases in birds and threatening the sustainability, productivity and growth of the poultry industry worldwide.
Figure 1. Role of live bird markets in facilitating the evolution of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (Lee, et al., 2013).
Avian Pathogens IFA Kit Development
The rapid and accurate diagnosis of highly avian pathogens using pathogen isolation and demonstration of antigen methods is an essential component of effective disease control. Immunofluorescence (IFA) method is a method that combines immunological methods (antigen-antibody specific binding) and fluorescent labeling technology to study the distribution of specific protein antigens in cells. Since the fluorescence emitted by fluorescein can be detected under a fluorescence microscope, the cellular localization of the antigen can be performed. Some IFA methods have been developed for the detection of avian pathogens including direct immunofluorescence and indirect immunofluorescence.
BioVenic has been dedicated to developing diagnostic reagents and kits for animal diseases for many years. We have a professional team with extensive experience in veterinary diagnostic and reagent development, and we can provide you with a series of customized immunofluorescence kits for the detection of avian pathogens according to your specifications. If you have any needs, please feel free to contact us. We will provide you with high-quality products and services.
Avian Pathogens IFA Kits We Can Develop
| Cryptococcus neoformans direct IFA kit | Cryptococcus neoformans indirect IFA kit | Histoplasma capsulatum direct IFA kit |
| Histoplasma capsulatum indirect IFA kit | Clamydia direct IFA kit | Clamydia indirect IFA kit |
| H5N1 virus direct IFA kit | H5N1 virus indirect IFA kit | Other IFA kits you need |
Workflow of Avian Pathogens IFA Kit Development
| Workflow | Details |
| Sample preparation | Tissue sample or blood sample was taken from the birds under testing. |
| Sample fixation | Incubating the sample for 10 minutes at room temperature in a formalin solution or chilled methanol or acetone to crosslink the proteins. |
| Cell permeabilization | To stain intracellular proteins, permeabilize the cell by incubating in a detergent. |
| Blocking | To minimize intra- or extracellular background signals, block the non-specific antigens by incubating the sample in the serum of the host, in which the secondary antibody was made. |
| Antibody incubation | Primary antibody and secondary antibody were incubated in selected solutions successively. |
| Microscopy | Process the microscopic analysis after counterstain and mounting. |
| Assessment of the assay | Evaluate the assay by digital image analysis and statistical analysis. |
Delivery
- A series of IFA kits for avian pathogens
- Product quality inspection report
- Other experimental data you need
Our Advantages
- High reproducibility between tests
- High specificity and less nonspecific fluorescent staining
- The multiple targets can be detected in the single sample
- Reasonable price and short turnaround time
References
- Lee, Dong-Hun, and Chang-Seon Song. "H9N2 avian influenza virus in Korea: evolution and vaccination." Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2.1 (2013): 26-33.
- Antarasena, Chongmas, et al., "The indirect immunofluorescence assay using cardiac tissue from chickens, quails and ducks for identification of influenza A virus during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1): a rapid and simple screening tool for limited resource settings." Research in Veterinary Science 83.2 (2007): 279-281.
