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Pathogenic illnesses are a common problem in sheep flocks, with symptoms ranging from sudden mortality to persistent illness. Pathogens from all groups can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive disease in sheep. Lambs are most commonly affected by viral pneumonia. Adenovirus, parainfluenza type 3 (PI-3), and respiratory syncytial virus are among the viruses linked to acute pneumonia. Bacterial pathogens such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Arcanobacterium pyogenes are also to blame. Various nematode and cestode species can cause parasitic gastritis and enteritis in sheep. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, rotavirus, coronavirus, coccidiosis, gastrointestinal helminthiasis and cryptosporidia all produce diarrhea outbreaks. These pathogens are sometimes found in low concentrations in sheep and goats, thus, it's critical to get a diagnosis so that the right treatment and flock management strategies can be implemented.
Figure 1. Epidemiology of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae invasion in bighorn sheep populations (Polwright et al., 2017).
Sheep Pathogens IFA Kit Development
The epidemiology of sheep pathogens was poorly understood due to the lack of a practical diagnostic assay suitable for screening large numbers of animals, however, serological methods would be well suited for this. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA), ELISA, AGID, and immunoblot techniques are used to identify specific pathogens in sheep and to localize infections on fixed specimens. Immunofluorescence is a biological assay that employs antibodies as well as fluorescent molecules to detect specific targets in cells and tissues. IFA can be used to examine the distribution of proteins, glycans, and small biological and non-biological antigens in tissue slices, cultured cell lines, and individual cells. Direct IFA and indirect IFA are two established IFA techniques for detecting sheep pathogens.
BioVenic is a supplier of biological reagents and kits, and has been developing diagnostic reagents for animal pathogens for many years. Our goal is to be a great company that improves the health and well-being of pets and livestock. We have a professional team with extensive experience in veterinary diagnostics and reagent development, and we can provide you with a series of customized IFA kits for the detection of sheep pathogens according to your needs. If you have any needs, please feel free to contact us. We will provide you with high-quality products and services.
Sheep Pathogens IFA Kits We Can Develop
| Escherichia coli direct IFA kit | Escherichia coli indirect IFA kit | Clostridium perfringens direct IFA kit |
| Clostridium perfringens indirect IFA kit | Arcanobacterium pyogenes direct IFA kit | Arcanobacterium pyogenes indirect IFA kit |
| Mannheimia haemolytica direct IFA kit | Mannheimia haemolytica indirect IFA kit | Other IFA kits you need |
Workflow of Sheep Pathogens IFA Kit Development
| Workflow | Details |
| Sample preparation | A tissue or blood sample was taken from the sheep being tested. |
| Sample fixation | To crosslink the proteins, incubate the sample for 10 minutes at room temperature in a formalin solution, chilled methanol, or acetone. |
| Cell permeabilization | Permeabilize the cell with a detergent before staining intracellular proteins. |
| Blocking | Block non-specific antigens by incubating the sample in the host serum from which the secondary antibody was made to reduce intra- or extracellular background signals. |
| Antibody incubation | Primary antibody and secondary antibody were incubated in selected solutions successively. |
| Microscopy | Process the microscopic analysis after counterstain and mounting. |
| Assessment of the assay | Evaluate the assay by digital image analysis and statistical analysis. |
Delivery
- A series of IFA kits for sheep pathogens
- Report on product quality inspection
- Other experimental data you need
Our Advantages
- High specificity and less nonspecific fluorescent staining
- The target with low expression can be detected
- The multiple targets can be detected in the single sample
- Short turnaround time and reasonable price
References
- Plowright, Raina K., et al., "Age‐specific infectious period shapes dynamics of pneumonia in bighorn sheep." Ecology Letters 20.10 (2017): 1325-1336.
- van den Brom, René, et al., "Zoonotic risks of pathogens from sheep and their milk borne transmission." Small Ruminant Research 189 (2020): 106123.
- Von dem Borne, AEG Kr, et al., "A simple immunofluorescence test for the detection of platelet antibodies." British Journal of Haematology 39.2 (1978): 195-207.
