Cytokines are a large group of proteins, peptides or glycoproteins important for intercellular signaling. They are produced by a variety of cells, including immune cells, such as macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and mast cells, as well as endothelial cells, fibroblasts and various stromal cells. Cytokines regulate immune responses, hematopoiesis, and lymphocyte development. Cytokines include interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and other signaling molecules. Each cytokine acts by binding to its specific receptor on the target cell, which includes the Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
Figure 1. Major cell types that produce cytokines.
Some cytokines are listed below.
| Type | Description |
| Interleukins (ILs) | Interleukins are cytokines that play an important role in regulating cellular processes (cell growth, differentiation and movement) and stimulating immune responses. Originally found in white blood cells, they are now found to be produced by many types of cells, including macrophages, lymphocytes, and other cells with solid structure and function. |
| Interferons (IFN) | Interferons are a group of signaling proteins produced and released by host cells in response to a variety of viruses, named for their ability to protect cells from viral infection and to "interfere" with viral replication. Interferons are used to communicate between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system to destroy pathogens. |
| Chemokines | Chemokines are a group of small molecular weight cytokines whose primary role is to recruit subpopulations of leukocytes under homeostatic and pathological conditions. These cytokines have the ability to induce targeted chemotaxis of nearby responding cells, hence the name chemotactic cytokines. Cells attracted by chemokines move toward the source of the chemokines in response to signals of increasing chemokine concentrations. |
Antibodies Recognizing Equine Cytokines
As the livestock industry continues to grow, equine diseases have become prevalent. This has increased the mortality rate of horses and caused serious economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, developing an agent for rapid assessment of equine health status is important. Equine cytokines are indicators of equine innate and adaptive immunity that are readily available in different body secretions, and their measurement has a wide range of potential applications in equine infectious and inflammatory diseases. Antibodies that recognize equine cytokines are important biological reagents for detecting equine cytokines in laboratory samples to understand their contribution to disease, pathology, protection, immune activation or suppression, and to assess equine health status in general.
BioVenic is a company dedicated to researching veterinary antibodies. We have professional technicians and advanced antibody research equipment. We can provide customers with a variety of antibodies to identify equine cytokines to help our customers better assess the health status of equine. If you have any needs, please feel free to contact us. We will provide you with high-quality products according to your needs, and our products are suitable for various diagnostic methods, such as ELISA, flow cytometry, immunohistology, Western blotting, etc.
