Immunoglobulins (Ig) are "Y" shaped tetrapeptide chain molecules consisting of two identical heavy chains (H chains) and two light chains (L chains) linked by interchain disulfide bonds. The amino acid composition of the two H chains and the two L chains in a natural Ig molecule is identical.
H Chains and L Chains
The relative molecular mass of the heavy chain of immunoglobulins is 50,000 to 75,000 and consists of 450 to 550 amino acid residues. According to the differences of heavy chain structure and antigenicity, they can be divided into 5 categories: μ chain, γ chain, α chain, δ chain and ε chain, immunoglobulins composed of different heavy chains and light chains are called IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD and IgE.
The relative molecular mass of immunoglobulin light chain is about 25,000 and consists of 211-219 amino acid residues. Depending on the structure and antigenicity of the light chains, they are divided into κ (kappa) and λ (lambda) chains, according to which Ig can be classified into two types, namely κ and λ types. The two light chains of a natural immunoglobulin molecule are always of the same type, but immunoglobulin molecules with κ or λ chains can exist in the same body, and there is no difference in the function of the two types of light chains. The ratio of the two types of light chains in different species is different, the normal human serum immunoglobulin κ:λ is about 2:1, while in mice it is 20:1. Abnormalities of the κ:λ ratio may reflect abnormalities in the immune system.
Figure 1. The structure of immunoglobulins.
Caprine Immunoglobulin Antibodies
In recent years, as the world's population continues to grow, the demand for food continues to increase. Goats can provide high quality meat and dairy products for human beings, and due to their high economic value, the scale of goat farming is gradually mining larger. However, as the density of goat farming increases, a variety of infectious diseases that goats are susceptible to have become widely prevalent, which brings huge economic losses to the goat farming industry. Therefore, it is important to find a simple and efficient method for goat disease diagnosis. Immunoglobulins, as an important component of the immune response in goats, produce significant changes in their concentration in body fluids when viruses, bacteria and other pathogens infect goats, and researchers can diagnose goat diseases by detecting the changes of immunoglobulins in goats.
BioVenic is a company that develops veterinary antibodies for the diagnosis of a wide range of animal diseases, with a state-of-the-art antibody development platform and professional technical staff. We offer a wide range of goat immunoglobulin antibodies that recognize different parts of goat immunoglobulins such as heavy chain, light chain, Fc region, etc. Our products can be used in ELISA, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, Western blotting, etc., which can rapidly diagnose diseases in goats. If you have any needs, please feel free to contact us.
