Cytokines are secreted proteins with pleiotropic and cell-specific functions, which can be classified as monoclonal factors, interleukins, chemokines and lymphokines, depending on the type of the secreting cell. Cytokines cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm, and they are involved in signaling as immunomodulators in autocrine (on the same cell that secretes it), paracrine (on nearby cells) or endocrine (on distant cells). Cytokines act through receptors on the cell surface to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of specific cell populations. Some cytokines enhance or inhibit the action of other cytokines in complex ways.
Figure 1. Classification of cytokines and their receptors (Chauhan, et al., 2021).
Sheep Cytokine Antibodies
As an important pillar industry of the global economy, sheep breeding is popular among farmers and herdsmen because of its short reproductive cycle and better benefits. However, the widespread prevalence of diseases such as Pneumocystis pneumoniae, brucellosis, and gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep has not only affected the quality of dairy products and meat from sheep, but has also brought huge economic losses to the sheep farming industry. Studies have shown that sheep cytokines are closely related to the immune response of sheep after infection with bacteria or viruses. Therefore, the detection and study of sheep cytokines is crucial for the control and treatment of sheep diseases. In recent years, researchers have developed a series of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against sheep cytokines for the analysis of sheep immune responses.
The following are some cytokines in sheep, such as GM-CSF, TNFα, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, IL-22, etc.
| Rabbit cytokines | Description |
| GM-CSF | Sheep GM-CSF is secreted by T cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts and is one of several cytokines that regulate the survival, growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. |
| TNFα | Sheep TNFα is a cytokine induced by bacterial toxins, viral infections and other factors, and is responsible for a variety of immunomodulatory, antitumor and toxic effects. |
| IL-2 | Sheep IL-2 is a 15.5–16 kDa signaling molecule produced by activated CD4+ T cells and activated CD8+ T cells. IL-2 mediates its effects by binding to IL-2 receptors expressed by lymphocytes. |
| IL-4 | Sheep IL-4 is a regulatory cytokine that plays an important role in regulating rabbit B cell responses. It is expressed by monocytes, B cells and macrophages. |
| IL-6 | Sheep IL-6 is a broad-spectrum pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the growth and differentiation of a variety of cells. |
| IL-8 | Sheep IL-8 belongs to the chemokine CXC family and is secreted by various cells including macrophages, endothelial cells and epithelial cells in response to inflammation. |
| IL-13 | Sheep IL-13 is produced by activated Th2 cells and plays a role in allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in ovine asthma. |
| IL-22 | Sheep IL-22 is a regulator belonging to the IL-10 family that regulates inflammatory responses triggered by bacterial pathogens. |
BioVenic is a company that develops veterinary antibodies for the diagnosis of a wide range of animal diseases, with a state-of-the-art antibody development platform and professional technical staff. We can provide you with a range of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against sheep cytokines, they are suitable for use in ELISA, flow cytometry, Western blotting, etc. If you have any needs, please feel free to contact us.
Reference
- Chauhan, Prashant, et al. "A primer on cytokines." Cytokine 145 (2021): 155458.
